History Midterm

: antediluvian Civilizations1 . Egypt and MesopotamiaThe civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt had a swell carry off in green , beginning with their geography . The name Mesopotamia means the trim adventure between the rivers . The area was given this name because it sat nowadays in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers . Egyptians settled around the Nile , and ii civilizations did this for the kindred propose they required piddle for their farms . some(prenominal) civilizations were located in violent , dry areas that had the benefit of sea intelligenceal flooding . In both(prenominal) cases the farmers learned to create irrigation ditches in to hold in the piddle to their land with push through having it completely flooded during the soaked season . twain civilizations build their homes come out of the clo set of mud bricks , though upper bodes and royalty had houses do of stvirtuosoBoth civilizations had an unionised structure . The mickle in Mesopotamia were kn encounter as the Sumerians , and they carve up up themselves into organized city-states . magic spell frequently peaceful , city-states would oft beats to go war with all(prenominal)(prenominal) different just to call d testify their strength . The Egyptians did non divide themselves into geographically separate groups alternatively , they were one people below the rule of the Pharaoh . Both groups carve up their citizens into tieres : The Sumerians had goern manpowert officials in effect , and the priests were a close punt . The priests encour go out re inclinents to the matinee idols . The Upper Class was the close heavily change in jewelry , fine clothes and narkup . The bring d experience Class had to fiddle hard in to swipe crops , and they could run for up through the secernes through marri age or by becoming a priest /priestess . The! lowest class was that of slaves , they were brought over from conquered lands Similarly , Ancient Egypt had a social gain - the work of each class supported the class to a higher place it . Both Mesopotamia and Egypt had a slave classThe Egyptians considered their children to be gifts from the divinitys and a great(p) call down . Their lie ins revolved not patently around religious belief , merely around family emotional state . Women were either the daughters of their fathers or the wives of their maintains , and they were expected to practise . Contrarily they hushed had rights . Men who could yield to flip some(prenominal) wives would do so those who couldn t afford it would capture mistresses called concubines . Women , of course , were not allowed lovers and could be punished by destruction . Egypt represented the charcleaning lady behind the man dictum , as the mothers and wives of the Pharaohs were lots the current undocumented credit of big busines sman . The women in Mesopotamia had no power or rights . The men employ their physical strength to govern their wives daughters and sisters , ruling by masher force and al slipway making the decisions . The Sumerians put the domination of men over women into law If a maintain died , the widow came under the control of her former husband s father or comrade . If there were no such(prenominal) relatives , she could be control by a grown son . A fair sex during this cartridge holder had no recourse or protection under the law . A cleaning charr s simply power , if she had some(prenominal) , was the invite of her personality within her family , which was not unlike the Egyptians . A woman who cheated on her husband would be put to death , however the man with whom she cheated would suffer no punishment whatsoever . A man who raped a woman would suffer a small fineBoth the Sumerians and the Egyptians were polytheists . Their gods and goddesses controlled any conniptio n of their lives , though each deity had a separate ! office staff and often were depicted as half(prenominal) human , half animal 2 . capital of Greece /Greece vs . capital of ItalyBoth Greece and capital of Italy are Mediterranean countries , moreover the geography of the cardinal is very different . The Greek city-states were illogical from each other by hills and a great deal of countryside and all Greek civilizations were developed near the water . By contrast , capital of Italy was inland , on one side of the Tiber River . Ancient roman types did not have the natural scabby terrain that could be use as bs to keep invaders out of capital of Italy . Mt . Vesuvius produced fertile , ar adequate land by covering the land with rich soil . There were likewise two nearby mountain ranges to the north (Alps ) and east (ApennineAncient Greece and capital of Italy were incorporated much(prenominal) like Mesopotamia and Egypt . Greece was divided into separate city-states (called a polis capital of Greece , Sp tricka , Corinth , Argos and Megara . Rome remained a unified government . In Greece , the race was divided into citizens (men over the age of 18 , women and slaves . Rome was divided into three groups . The outgrowth was the Plebeians , the lower class . They worked , lived in minor(ip) hou chant (often apartments , were often assisted by slaves , and were ruled by the Patricians . The Patricians were considered the nobility of this quantify . They had large , single family homes make of brick , were considered to be the ruling class , and their houses were run by the wives who order the slaves to do the workOver time , Rome went from being a monarchy to a state , to an imperium . During the Republic phase , the government was structured as an oligarchy where two magistrates were elected from the patrician class It wasn t until much later that the plebeians seized a small amount of power and created their own ruling class . Ancient Greece , limitedally Athens , was experimenting with a direc t democracy . Citizens , which only included those a! ntherals over the age of 18 who were not slaves , were permitted to voteThe economy of both Greece and Rome was agriculture- base . Greeks lived on small self-sufficient pale yellow-producing farms , but this was an exercise in live and learn . The Athenians had to learn right(a) agricultural usages in to revoke having homes incapable of feeding themselves . The popishs apply their natural reextractions to produce drink and olive oil , which were their hotshot exports . These products were essential to trade , as the Romans were unable to produce wheat They either had to import it or annex provinces that could provide them with it . Both Greece and Rome worked mines . While Greece had slaves they didn t see on them for farming as the Romans did . Both civilizations developed coin , special(prenominal)ally , coinsAthenian women were cherished for not dish the dirt , for managing the household , and , to the highest degree of all , for producing legitimate children . The aristocratic woman was secluded in the women s quarter and had to be accompanied in public bases . She could own , but not sell place . The Athenian woman was subject to her father , and even later on marriage , he could ask for her return . She was not a citizen . The Roman woman was subject to the will of the dominant male in her household , whether it was the household of her birth or the household of her husband . She could own and dispose of property without the permission or approval of her husband or father . Roman women were valued for piety , backwardness maintenance of harmony , and being a one-man woman . Unlike the women of Greece , who ironically lived under a democracy , women of Rome could be citizens3 . Religion in Mesopotamia /Egypt /Athens /RomeIn Mesopotamia , each town was protected by its own anomalous deity . The heart and soul of the town was its synagogue , or ziggurat , which were cogitated to join promised land with Earth . Initially , the te mple was used entirely for ghostly purposes , but as! time went on it became the center of the federation . People expected worship to answer their questions about the disposition of life and deathMesopotamians (also referred to as the Sumerians ) were polytheistic and their gods and goddesses were considered regular people who had feasts , matrimonial , produced children , and fought in wars . In spitefulness of this down to earth put on , the gods and goddesses had supernatural powers While at the ziggurat , devotionpers were expected to sing hymns , judge prayers , make sacrifices and bring offerings for the gods . The priests and priestesses were considered the translators and people trusted them to advertise the wishes of the gods or goddesses . This was found on the belief that pleasing the gods would lead to rewards , just as annoying the gods could result in punishmentAs for specific gods , there were quartet all- all-powerful gods that created and controlled the universe . An was the god of paradise , Enlil was the air-god , Enki was the water-god , and Ninhursag was the mother earth goddess . Each of these gods created lesser gods who were also distinguished in Mesopotamia . Utu , the sun god , lit the world with rays shooting from his shoulders . He moved crossways the sky in a carry . Nanna was the moon-god who used a boat to travel by nightReligion in Ancient Egypt is one of the most fascinating practices in history . With the riddance of one brief purpose of monotheism , Egypt was a polytheistic nightspot . The priests in Ancient Egypt (only one measuring down from the Pharaoh on the social pyramid ) were very powerful . The people based their opinion on the Pharaoh and the priests on whether or not things were firing well throughout the land . They worship some gods and goddesses , each with a different purpose and influence on insouciant lifeReligion center both on daily life and the time to come . Egyptians believed that the dead body was the link to a ghostly exis tence in the afterlife , and for this reason the body! was mummified so the tone could lay out what it needed in the afterlife . In case the body was destroyed or damaged , supernatural spells were placed on a statue of the deceased person so the spirit could pass off to have their needs met Mummification was a farsighted and big-ticket(prenominal) process . A person would need to have a tomb strengthened , gather necessary objects to place in the tomb , and their son or a priest would have to be appointed to bring offering for the deceased on a daily basis . Egyptians worshipped in two types of temples . The first were dedicated to the worship of a specific god of Egypt , for typesetters case , the temple of Horus . The second type was built to abide by a deceased pharaoh and to worship them as a god , such as the temple of Rameses IIMuch like other polytheistic civilizations , the people of ancient Greece (Athens ) also worshipped some gods and goddesses and depended on them for good fortune . At home , religion focused on the hearth and the goddess Hestia . The maintaining of the home flak catcher (the source of keep the home fires burning ) was an important ritual which served as a focus for worship . Other home-based rituals complicated prayers , meals , and storytelling . The stories involve myths that featured their gods and goddesses . Publicly , religious celebrations featured processions to the altar , where a sacrifice of a domestic animal would often be doThe Romans were also polytheistic and had a variety of gods and goddesses that are believed to be the Roman version of the Greek gods and goddesses . They also believed that these deities controlled their lives and that pleasing them was diametric to living happy and productive lives . They also worshipped in public and privately . Publicly , they built temples to worship the gods throughout the Roman Empire and these temples followed the same building pattern . They also make sacrifices People had small altars at home where the household would say prayers every day4 . Early Christ! ian church service /Impact on RomeChristianity began in 4 B .C , with the birth of its founder , the Nazarene Christ , having originally developed as derivative of Judaism with the pursual believe that Jesus of Nazareth was the messiah . His teachings were unusual for this period of time (where they subdued made sacrifices to a variety of Greek-adopted gods and goddesses . Jesus was crucified by the Romans and was designate the Christos after his pursual claimed he was resurrected . As for his straightaway followers they were also martyred for their beliefsThis was in direct face-off to the beliefs of Christianity , which focused on treating others well and the self-development of compassion kindness , humility , forgiveness and sedulousness . Christians were taught to forgive and forget and to turn the other organisation . capital of Minnesota , a converted Jew is the man most liable for gap the Christian faith throughout the Roman empire , as his special mission becam e the conversion of the Gentile to ChristianityThe practice of the Christian religion was also in direct opposition to polytheistic beliefs , as they developed sacraments which excluded the Roman empire from every cyclorama of the religionChristianity impacted Roman life in many ways , the first of which can be demonstrated by the emperor moth Nero . When Nero came to power , he was rumored to have set fire to the slums of Rome in rid the city of the lower class . facial expression for a scapegoat , Nero decided to blame the Christians . base on this assertion , Christians were persecuted . The Roman government was generally spacious of too soon Christianity since they appeared to pose no threat to their government . The most call opponents of the archean church came from the Jewish religionThe Christians might have been able to practice their religion without objection , but they refused to worship the emperor , which led to their persecution in large numbers . Christians could not believe that the emperors had a divine righ! t to rule this went against the teachings of this clean church . This persecution reached its height during the reign of Diocletian who attempted to systematically hand the followersDuring the period of time where the Christians were being persecuted , they developed symbols in to bury from the persecutions of the emperors . For example the cross was widely used as a Christian symbol until the 5th century , a coarse with the weight and the peacockWith so much hatred and violence being order toward them , early Christians were hesitant to include images of Jesus in their art . The first artistic representation of Jesus depicts him as a teen man with short hair , void of byssus and wearable the rough garment of a Roman peasantChristianity at long last became legal during the reign of Constantine with the Edict of Milan in 312 AD...If you pauperism to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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